Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size.They originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris and are also manufactured as small particles, such as microbeads in cosmetics. These pollutants are pervasive in the environment, contaminating oceans, rivers, and soil.
Microplastics can be ingested by marine life and enter the food chain, potentially impacting human health. Their small size makes them difficult to filter out during water treatment processes, contributing to widespread distribution. The persistence and accumulation of microplastics raise concerns about their long-term environmental and health effects.
How microplastics enter the human body?
Microplastics enter the human body through various pathways, primarily via ingestion and inhalation. Contaminated food and water are significant sources; microplastics are found in seafood, salt, bottled water, and even some fruits and vegetables due to polluted environments. Marine organisms, like fish and shellfish, can ingest microplastics, which then make their way up the food chain to humans.
Inhalation is another pathway, with microplastics present in the air we breathe. These particles can originate from synthetic fabrics, tires, and other everyday products, becoming airborne through abrasion and wear. Indoor environments, particularly with poor ventilation and high use of plastic products, can have elevated levels of airborne microplastics.
Once ingested or inhaled, microplastics can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. While the full impact on human health is still being studied, concerns include potential toxic effects from the plastics and associated chemicals.
In this study, the researchers found that polyethylene, which is commonly used in plastic bags and bottles, was the most common microplastic found, followed by PVC.
How microplastics are harmful to the human body?
Microplastics, tiny plastic particles, can infiltrate the human body via ingestion and inhalation. These particles accumulate in organs, potentially causing inflammation and cellular damage. Studies suggest microplastics can disrupt endocrine functions, leading to hormonal imbalances. They may also carry harmful chemicals, like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which are linked to cancers, reproductive issues, and developmental problems. Furthermore, microplastics can disturb gut microbiota, impairing digestion and immunity. Long-term exposure raises concerns about chronic health issues, including cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders, highlighting the urgent need for mitigating plastic pollution.
