Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is widely expected to secure a third term in office on Tuesday, continuing to lead the world’s largest population and its fastest-growing major economy. The 73-year-old Hindu nationalist, advocating for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, has garnered significant attention from the United States and European allies as a strategic counterbalance to China.
India, now the world’s fifth-largest economy, remains a favorite among Western leaders despite warnings from rights activists about increasing authoritarianism. Leveraging India’s G20 presidency in 2023 and hosting the cricket World Cup, Modi aims to further his diplomatic ambitions with a bid for the 2036 Summer Olympics.
Pakistan Relations
Modi’s government has maintained a tough stance on Pakistan, accusing Islamabad of cross-border terrorism and halting engagement since 2015, despite a surprise visit to Lahore. Relations deteriorated further in 2019 but saw a glimmer of hope in March when Modi congratulated Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on his premiership, hinting at possible improved relations between the nuclear-armed neighbors.
United States and Europe
President Joe Biden, calling ties with India the “defining partnership of the 21st century,” hosted Modi for a state dinner last year. The U.S. recently approved a $4 billion drone sale to India, strengthening its defense against China. Despite concerns about threats to democracy and discrimination against India’s Muslim minority, India’s relationship with the U.S. remains robust. Tensions surfaced with the U.S. Justice Department charging an Indian citizen over an alleged assassination plot linked to India’s intelligence agency.
India also enjoys strong ties with Europe, particularly France, with ambitions to expand multi-billion-dollar defense deals, including the sale of Rafale fighter jets and Scorpene-class submarines.
China Tensions
Relations between India and China have been tense since a deadly skirmish along their border in 2020. Despite a significant military buildup, India’s defense spending is still a fraction of China’s. Territorial disputes remain a constant source of friction. Nevertheless, China remains India’s second-largest trade partner.
Russia Alliance
New Delhi’s ties with Moscow, rooted in Cold War history, remain strong, with Russia being India’s primary arms supplier. India has refrained from condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, opting for neutrality at the UN and purchasing discounted Russian crude oil. Modi recently congratulated President Vladimir Putin on his re-election, emphasizing their “special” relationship.
Championing the Global South
Modi has positioned India as a leading voice in the BRICS club of emerging economies and recently highlighted its role as a strong advocate for the Global South. Under Modi’s leadership, the African Union joined the G20, underscoring India’s push for greater representation of developing nations in global decision-making.
As Modi seeks a third term, his track record of diplomatic endeavors and strategic partnerships will be pivotal in shaping India’s future on the global stage.
