Oregon’s wildfire season is off to an explosive start with more than 1m acres (405,000 hectares) charred in less than a month, as experts warn that extreme heat and unusual lightning strikes are creating “catastrophic conditions” for fires to ignite and spread.
The state is currently home to the largest wildfire burning in the US. By Friday afternoon, the Durkee fire had burned nearly 290,000 acres (117,000 hectares) and was only 20% contained. The fire had forced evacuations, shut down a major interstate highway and even produced its own weather system.
The Durkee fire is one of more than 100 lightning-ignited fires, including four “megafires”, that have started over the past week and are currently raging in the eastern and central parts of Oregon. A megafire is defined by the National Interagency Fire Center as blazes that have burned more than 100,000 acres (40,000 hectares).
The more than 1m acres charred so far are already quadruple last year’s total and are approaching statistics for the massive 2020 season, which saw 1.2m acres burned. The fire season typically runs until autumn rains arrive in mid-September, but bad years can see blazes burn into October.
“Our wildfire season is off to a very aggressive start,” said Tina Kotek, the governor of Oregon, at a virtual press conference last Friday. Kotek has declared a state of emergency and officials have issued evacuation advisories affecting some 18,000 people. The wildfires have sent clouds of harmful smoke billowing across Oregon and into neighboring states like Idaho, pushing air quality to unhealthy levels.
Experts say the unusually active start to Oregon’s wildfire season is due in part to “flash drought” conditions brought on by unprecedented heatwaves that ripped the moisture from the landscape before it was set ablaze by more than a thousand lightning strikes across the state last week.
The spate of wildfires comes amid a persistent heatwave in the Pacific north-west. This month is on pace to be the hottest July in Portland’s recorded history, including three consecutive days of 100F (38C) or higher. Bend, Oregon, just east of the Cascades, saw 19 consecutive days with highs over 95F.
Though drought-like conditions have persisted for decades, many in the state were crossing their fingers that early summer rains would keep vegetation green, holding off the start of the fire season.
The rain that did fall over the region quickly evaporated, said Rachel Cleetus, the policy director for the Climate and Energy Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. And the deadly, record-breaking heatwaves that have affected large swaths of the United States this summer stalled over the Pacific north-west, causing “flash drought” conditions, she said.
“Even though there was rain earlier in the season, it just wasn’t enough to compensate for the fact that the moisture was completely ripped out of the soils and the vegetation through these extreme heat conditions,” Cleetus said. “That sets up a catastrophic condition should a fire break out.”
More than half of the state is in “moderate drought” conditions, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Drought Status Update. Nearly 40% is “abnormally dry”.
The dried-out landscape was particularly vulnerable last week when dry storms produced more than a thousand lightning strikes that ignited 100 new fires, Kotek said at the press conference.
Colby Neuman, a meteorologist at the Portland National Weather Service, said that lightning is familiar to much of Oregon. But it’s not common, he said, for the “whole state from the coast to the Idaho border” to get “pretty well plastered” by lightning strikes.
The sheer number of fires burning across the landscape, Neuman said, has spread the state’s firefighting resources thin. Firefighters from 10 states have come to Oregon to assist with suppression efforts.
“This is perhaps the worst I’ve seen in terms of the number of fires on the landscape in the last decade in the state of Oregon,” Neuman said.
Oregon has been no stranger to brutal wildfires in the past, but recent years have proved especially challenging. In 2020, five megafires flared up over the Labor Day weekend and scorched more than 800,000 acres (324,000 hectares). In 2012, the Long Draw fire burned well over half a million acres in the state, more than any wildfire in more than a century.
Oregon is just one of several western regions battling large blazes. In California, the Park fire grew into the largest in that state this year, destroying more than 130 homes and threatening thousands more. In Canada, firefighters are battling 900 blazes, including a ferocious fire that destroyed the picturesque mountain town of Jasper in Alberta.
Scientists have linked heightened wildfire risks to warming global temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions.
In the short term, Neuman said, weather forecasts for Oregon are expected to cool slightly and some areas could see precipitation, which would give firefighters an edge. But as the summer continues, the meteorologist said, temperatures could rise again.
“That’s what’s keeping us on edge,” Neuman said.
