- Vitalik Buterin reflected on his pop-up city Zuzalu experiment at the Network State conference in Singapore.
- While the experiment demonstrated the feasibility of self-sustaining communities, governance remains a significant obstacle.
- Blockchain-based governance systems have been gaining traction recently but must overcome security vulnerabilities for mainstream adoption.
Vitalik Buterin admits that his ‘network states’ idea still faces two hurdles – governance and membership systems.
At the Network State Conference in Singapore, the Ethereum co-founder explained the ‘network state’ and ‘pop-up city’ concepts, where online communities unite to create self-governing real-world communities.
Let’s unpack Buterin’s vision and the challenges it faces in its implementation.
Lessons From Buterin’s Pop-Up City
In 2023, Buterin and a group of tech futurists launched Zuzalu, a pop-up city in Montenegro with 200 residents. Despite differing cultural backgrounds, Zuzaleans were united by a shared desire to build self-sustaining, healthy communities.
Among other projects, participants were exploring alternative governance models, including decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and consensus-based decision-making.
At the Network State conference, Buterin reflected on the experiment’s outcomes. He noted pop-up cities are a unique platform for innovation, but they require collaboration between network states to avoid unproductive tribalism.
Pop-Up Cities & Network States – the Future of Democracy?
Balaji Srinivasan proposed the concept of network states in 2022 as an alternative to traditional libertarianism, merging individualistic principles with communal values.
Commenting on the idea, Buterin suggested network states can be a blueprint for integrating Web3 into a broader political framework.
Blockchain-based voting systems are one such step toward a true, self-sustaining democracy. Namely, smart contracts lower barriers to participation and enhance transparency in governance systems.
While network states often advocate for direct democracy, where citizens vote directly on every issue, smart contracts could also support a traditional representative democracy. For example, they could automate the election process for representatives or ensure their accountability.
Blockchain Voting Failure
Mobile app Voatz was a noteworthy attempt to implement blockchain voting during the 2018 West Virginia elections.
Voatz aimed to enhance transparency, accountability, and accessibility. Yet, MIT researchers who studied the app’s security pinpointed numerous vulnerabilities.
Most alarmingly, hackers could potentially manipulate or expose users’ voting records due to Voatz’s reliance on a third-party vendor.
David Jefferson at Verified Voting also mentions the risk of malware on voters’ devices and 51% attacks, where a coordinated group of miners takes control of more than half of a blockchain’s computing power to manipulate transaction validation.
It’s also worth noting that 100% blockchain-based systems would exclude the non-tech-savvy population from governance, which undermines the core concept of representative democracy.
Vitalik Buterin’s vision of network states and pop-up cities is ambitious and potentially transformative.
While the Zuzalu experiment demonstrated the feasibility of such communities, governance poses significant challenges.
To overcome these obstacles, network states call for creative solutions, collaboration, and a balance between direct and representative democracy.
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